Comment: The verb is mostly used with preverbs (cf. also Tsakh. ʁada=xʷan- 'to run', Bud. q:a=xa- 'run away', Kryz. sa=f- / sa=x- 'to jump' etc.). Archi has also a reduplicated stem in ʎ:emʎ:in (dur.).
Comment: Cf. Lezg. praet. fe-na. Labialization was lost (before a front vowel) in Rut., Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud., but is preserved in Kryz. after the preverb ʕ-. The verb reflects Ablaut grades *ʔiʎʷe- and *ʔoʎʷe-; the stem *ʔäʎʷe- is possibly present in Kryz. ʕa=x- 'to go down', ʕajx- 'to search' ( = "to go walking for..."). Cf. also Kryz. q:i=jx- 'to return, to turn round'. See Лексика 1971, 249; Хайдаков 1973, 123.
Comment: Labialization was early lost in all languages except Arch. (cf. also Arch. plur. ʎʷ-at) and Ud. In Tsakh. the stem is reduplicated, but cf. also Tsakh. oxan-as 'to eat' which obviously belongs here too (the -n-conjugation may be explained either as secondary suffixation or as a result of contamination with the PL root *ʔikʷVn- 'to eat' q.v.).
The name for "grass" in Kryz. and Bud. (cf. also Rut. xɨn id.) can be explained as a derivate of the same verbal root (PL *(ʔi)ʎʷon).
Meaning:1 to put 2 to throw 3 to point (to a thief)
Lezghian:g-igi- 3
Tabasaran:jiw- 1
Agul:ije- (Tp.) 1
Rutul:=ije- 2
Tsakhur:a=ɣa- 2
Kryz:ʕ-aj- 1
Budukh:q:-ij- 1
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. g-ige-na; Kryz. q:-ɨj- 'to cover' ( = Bud. q:-i=j-), Bud. e=j- 'to put (from above)', ʕ-ä=j- 'to put inside' ( = Kryz. ʕ-aj-); Tab. Düb. jiw-, dur. ji-l-ɣun- (the original *ƛ: > Tab. -w- in an intervocalic position before -u- /inf. jiw-uz, Düb. jiw-us/, but is not labialised within the cluster -lɣ-). Not quite clear is the Tsakh. vocalism. The verb belongs to the weak class in PL.
Comment: Most forms reflect the basic PL form *ʔiƛ:ɨ-; note, however, the reflex of an Ablaut grade *ʔoƛ:a- in Arch. oƛa-s 'sell' and possibly Tab. Düb. d-uvu-s (= Tab. lit. tuvu-z), dur. d-u-l-ɣu-n- 'give'.
Comment: Probably an original verbal stem (to judge from its morphological structure in Rut.). An old derivate is Rut. ɣɨrɣɨm-dɨ 'bitter' (morphologically modified under the influence of č̣ɨrč̣ɨm-dɨ 'sour'). Phonetically very close is Tab. Düb. jeržimi, Kand., lit. ižmi 'swift; hard' ( < 'hot'?).
Comment: Other relevant forms: Lezg. inf. r-eq̇i-z, pret. q̇e-na, imper. jiq̇; Ag. Bursh. ḳi-s; Rut. plur. -q̇ɨrq̇a-s (a form with reduplication and Ablaut). The word normally means both 'die' and 'kill'; in Tsakh. there is different prefixation (q-eḳe-s /dial. q-iḳa-s/ 'die', g-eḳe-s (dial. g-iḳa-s) 'kill'). In Udi 'kill' is a secondary causative formation: bes-busun ( *biʔe-s-busun ). See Бокарев 1961, 63; Гигинейшвили 1977, 103.
Comment: Cf. also Rut. si=iga- 'to let'. Cf. the characteristic reflexes of *-ƛ̣:- in Rutul dialects: Shin. ji=ɨka- 'to drive', Mükhr. jiqag:ɨ-n 'expelling, exile' (-g:- is also preserved in Luch. in the 1st class forms: aor. hig:ɨr, imper. hiwig:ɨ). All forms reflect either *ʔiƛ̣:a- or the Ablaut grade *ʔoƛ̣:a-. In Agul the root is interacting in a complicated manner with another PL root, *ʔarke- q.v.: in Bursh. we have q-ark:a-s 'to drive' (with -r- under the influence of q-arki-s 'to go away') against üki-s 'to run' (with -ki- under the same influence; cf. also arki-s 'to get into, to reach').
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. gun xus. The word belongs to the weak class in PL. In Tsakhur the terminative stem is reduplicated (cf. aor. ɨk:ɨjk:ɨn etc.). Rut., Tsakh. and Ud. reflect the Ablaut grade *-o-. Several languages (Lezg., Tab., Ag., Arch.) have a defective paradigm, reflecting only the stem *ʔiƛ̣:an (with initial reduction), either in a participial or finite (pres. ƛ̣:an in Arch.) function.
See Бокарев 1961, 75; Лексика 1971, 253; Гигинейшвили 1977, 111.
Comment: The irregular q- in Archi can be explained by a contamination with another PL root, *ʔirq:ʷä- 'to roll, turn round' (q.v.). The common PL derivate *j-ilqʷV-n 'dance', beside Tab. jalqʷan (Kand. jarqʷan, Düb. jalqan), is reflected also in Ag. luqun (Burk. liqun) id.
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. d-uq̇an-as 'to sew' (pointing to the PL -n-conjugation). The verbal root has two nominal derivates:
1) PL *wilq̇ʷina / *luq̇ʷina : Lezg. aq̇ʷan (Khl. q̇un) "knitting needle", Ag. luq̇um "seam", Rut. luq̇un, Tsakh. wuq̇una, Kryz., Bud. q̇un (Kryz. and. Bud. possibly < Lezg.) "knitting needle". It is not quite clear whether Tab. q̇al "knitting needle" should be also related here (perhaps also Ud. mil id., if mil < *miq̇Vl < *wilq̇ʷVn ?) 2) PL *t:-ilq̇ʷ(a) : Tab. durq̇-ar "loom", Ag. duq̇-um "thread" (Burk. diq̇um). An old Lezghian loan is possibly Khin. won "knitting needle" ( < *q̇ʷon ? or < *woq̇n, cf. the Shakh-Dagh and Tsakh. forms), although the loss of *q̇ʷ in Khin. is rather strange.
